Omnimaga
General Discussion => Technology and Development => Computer Projects and Ideas => Topic started by: ruler501 on February 01, 2011, 02:10:23 pm
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I am currently making a physics game using some of the techniques in this thread http://ourl.ca/4279 I am writing it in python because it is the only language I know well enough to do something like this in. I have a few questions about some things so any help would be appreciated. right now I just finished my skeleton code and am starting on the game engine. I am currently using pygame for graphics, I also have python 2.6.2
My first Question is how could I code Cellular Automata in python for a large/full screen?
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What graphical package are you planning on using with python?
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I'm using pygame for graphics. I don't really know any of the other ones
EDIT: if it matters I'm using python 2.6.2
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Do you have any screenshots?
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I'm using pygame for graphics. I don't really know any of the other ones
EDIT: if it matters I'm using python 2.6.2
The following code will do pixel placement:
screen.set_at((x, y), (red, green, blue))
Similarly, you can get a pixel's color too:
thecolor = screen.get_at((0,0))
The var screen is defined as:
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
Pixels values range from 0 to either height - 1, or width - 1. (Like TI-Basic and Axe! :D)
I'm hoping that you are very fluent in Pygame and the physics concept, because it's a must! ;)
I got those snips from http://www.ida.liu.se/~ETE257/timetable/LecturePythonPygame.html and http://lorenzod8n.wordpress.com/2007/12/16/pygame-tutorial-5-pixels/, so you can read over the mini tutorials there if needed. :)
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Are your questions about how to make the graphics full screen? How to actually code the cellular automata? How to store the data?
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I wanted to know how to do the cellular automata. I also need to be able to do good collision detection and gravity.
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I wanted to know how to do the cellular automata. I also need to be able to do good collision detection and gravity.
First off - have you made the concept on your calculator, and does it work?
Second, are you well versed with Python and Pygame?
Third, can we see some sample code? :)
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The physics lessons go over how to control the cellular automata quite thoroughly, do you mean the actual concept behind them or the code?
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I wanted to know how to do the cellular automata. I also need to be able to do good collision detection and gravity.
First off - have you made the concept on your calculator, and does it work?
Second, are you well versed with Python and Pygame?
Third, can we see some sample code? :)
I don't get the first one This is a comp program
I'm well versed with python and have done all right with pygame
I'm still making up the code, but if you want to see some code I'll post it later.
@Builderboy I want to know how to optimize that code and some of the concept
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I wanted to know how to do the cellular automata. I also need to be able to do good collision detection and gravity.
First off - have you made the concept on your calculator, and does it work?
Second, are you well versed with Python and Pygame?
Third, can we see some sample code? :)
I don't get the first one This is a comp program
I'm well versed with python and have done all right with pygame
I'm still making up the code, but if you want to see some code I'll post it later.
@Builderboy I want to know how to optimize that code and some of the concept
What you want to do is a computer program, but you should immerse yourself with a calculator implementation to really get how it works, then try attempting it in Pygame. ;)
I will try sometime this week (if not today) to implement a simple example (much like BuilderBoy's screenshot) in Pygame. :)
I'd still like to see some code to make sure you're on the right track.
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My only calculator is a Nspire so i can't do much on calc testing.
I have not done much with my code yet right now I only have a background. As soon as I start doing much with it I will post my code.
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Implementing cellular automata is not too hard. You will want to start with two arrays. These arrays will hold the pixels that represent your element you want to simulate, like water. They will both have the length of the ammount of pixels you want to simulate, and one will hold the X value of a pixel, while the other array will hold the Y value for the pixels. After that, you will want to loop through the array, applying your physics to each pixel as you go along. Remember, physics is as simple as a set of rules like I explained in the other thread :)
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Could i have an example of some python code for that please. I'm trying to figure out a way to optimize this it would be slow i think if i have to go through most pixels in a nearly if not full screen game.
The only reason i might not do full screen is because i want this to be a very fast game that won't glitch up. i think it would be easier if i had a slightly smaller screen size.
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Implementing cellular automata is not too hard. You will want to start with two arrays. These arrays will hold the pixels that represent your element you want to simulate, like water. They will both have the length of the ammount of pixels you want to simulate, and one will hold the X value of a pixel, while the other array will hold the Y value for the pixels. After that, you will want to loop through the array, applying your physics to each pixel as you go along. Remember, physics is as simple as a set of rules like I explained in the other thread :)
Hehe, I had the same thought! :D I didn't read the tutorial at all - just stared at words briefly and found a nice screenshot. ;)
I thought about how you would do it - did you do pixel testing? No, since the water itself is "black". The next idea was an array of pixel colors, but that didn't make any sense either. Finally, 2 different arrays to compare "water pixels" with "obstacle pixels" was my final planned implementation idea... which turned out to be your implementation method too! :)
Were you thinking multidimensional arrays:
[0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5
6, 7, 8]...or just regular arrays? [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
Could i have an example of some python code for that please. I'm trying to figure out a way to optimize this it would be slow i think if i have to go through most pixels in a nearly if not full screen game.
The only reason i might not do full screen is because i want this to be a very fast game that won't glitch up. i think it would be easier if i had a slightly smaller screen size.
I said above that I will try myself in getting that implemented. ;)
Python is pretty powerful at array management. I'm not too sure myself how to attack this, but it might be using a multidimensional array.
This can be done with below:
a = [[v]*n for x in xrange(n)]...where v is an int for an initial value, first n is the width, last n is the height.
Accessing the values (and of course, assigning them) is even simpler! :D Simply:
a[y][x] = 1
print a[y][x]
I still don't believe you are that well versed in Python.... otherwise you would've known about numpy and numarray! :D
Those are both true multidimensional array handlers, and can probably be better (and faster?) than the method described above.
NumPy and numarray are out of my scope of knowledge though... and so I'll redirect you to the official manual/tutorial:
http://www.scipy.org/Tentative_NumPy_Tutorial
If you search "Multi-dimensional arrays: However, numarray does support true multi-dimensinoal arrays" on the page below, there is another perspective on numarray/numpy:
http://www.astro.ufl.edu/~warner/prog/python.html
Hope this helps! :D
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I am intermediate At python i mainly have used it for pretty simple games. This is my first attempt at a more difficult game. I almost have the basics of the game working right now I need a sprite though and I'm trying to decide what to use.
and it wasn't that I didn't know how to do it it was that i wanted to try and find an optimized way of doing it without looping through every single pixel.
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When I say loop through every pixel, I only mean every pixel that is part of your element. So if you were doing a water simulation, you would loop through every pixel of water
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I am intermediate At python i mainly have used it for pretty simple games. This is my first attempt at a more difficult game. I almost have the basics of the game working right now I need a sprite though and I'm trying to decide what to use.
and it wasn't that I didn't know how to do it it was that i wanted to try and find an optimized way of doing it without looping through every single pixel.
Hmm... good point. I'm not too sure how to search through an array without looping through it - a bit of .index(n) use may do it, but so far my tests show it only returns one index, not an array. :(
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Here is my code so far All I have it do is move the sprite around with keyboard inputs. I know it is a little slow right now but that makes it easier for me. Next on my to do list is add gravity. I would appreciate any ideas for optimization or improvements.
#import modules
import pygame, math, random, os
from pygame.locals import *
#Check to see if pygame is working right
if not pygame.font:
print 'Warning, fonts disabled'
if not pygame.mixer:
print 'Warning, sound disabled'
#define any needed global variables here
#Create a function to load images for sprites.
def load_image(name, colorkey=None):
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
image = pygame.image.load(fullname)
#If an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load image:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
image = image.convert()
if colorkey is not None:
if colorkey is -1:
colorkey = image.get_at((0,0))
image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL)
return image, image.get_rect()
#create a function to load sound
def load_sound(name):
class NoneSound:
def play(self): pass
if not pygame.mixer or not pygame.mixer.get_init():
return NoneSound()
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(fullname)
#if an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load sound:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
return sound
#classes for our game objects
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('sprite.bmp', -1)
self.direction=0
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
if self.direction == 0:
return
elif self.direction == 1:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, -2))
self.rect = newpos
elif self.direction == 2:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, 2))
self.rect = newpos
elif self.direction == 3:
newpos = self.rect.move((-2, 0))
self.rect = newpos
elif self.direction == 4:
newpos = self.rect.move((2, 0))
self.rect = newpos
def up(self):
self.direction=1
def down(self):
self.direction=2
def left(self):
self.direction=3
def right(self):
self.direction=4
def still(self):
self.direction=0
#function to load the game engine
def game_engine():
#nothing done here yet
return
#function for playing the game
def play_game():
#load the game engine
game_engine()
#start the game
#Initialize Everything
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((975, 325))
pygame.display.set_caption('Physics!')
pygame.mouse.set_visible(1)
turn = 0
win = False
lose = False
achievements = 0
#Create The Backgound
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((250, 250, 250))
#Display The Background
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
#Prepare Game Objects
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
player = Player()
allsprites = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain((player))
#Main Loop
while 1:
clock.tick(25)
#Handle Input Events
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
return
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE:
return
if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP:
player.up()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_DOWN:
player.down()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.left()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.right()
else:
player.still()
allsprites.update()
#Draw Everything
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
allsprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
def main():
#define needed local variables here
#start game
play_game()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
EDIT: @alberthrocks that is why i intend to at least at 1 point in the game have nearly the whole screen consumed by a mixture of fire and water and That would considerably slow down the game to have to loop through all of them.
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It moves a sprite around? I thought you were trying to add cellular automata?
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maybe it's the game of life, except you can also move around in a 3D environment and shoot the pixels O.o
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I still don't quite get how to do cellular automata efficiently yet so I haven't put it in. I'm slowly adding in game parts and physics. I need collision detection and an efficient way of doing cellular automata. I'll have gravity set up soon. It might be a slightly different way from what you had on the physics lessons.
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You are going to do cellular automata as well as sprites with gravity and collision?
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Yes if I can get it all working correctly I will implement all of those.
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Hmmm you do know that the cellular automata will have different gravity than the sprites right? Unless you are making the sprites have abnormal gravity so that they can match the water? What kind of game are you actually making?
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I was going to make a jumping style where you jump up and avoid objects like fire, water, and possibly sand. I might develop farther on this design eventually for now that is it. The game will not be the same every time and will have a randomness to the events. The main part i want to emphasize in this game is the physics.
Why can't I have cellular automata use the same gravity?
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because with the rules of cellular automata, it would make the sand/water fall at 1 pixel per frame, where as true gravity would be parabolic.
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Not necessarily, Builderboy. You could add a third variable to the array that controls velocity and change it accordingly. It'd still be a cellular automaton.
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Oh I was planning on trying to set up a rule that would make gravity work right.
How would I be able to test all the pixels in a small area if they were of different types. I'm planning on having many different kind of things in this so I don't want it going through platforms and stuff like that.
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Oh well in that case everything should work alright, although it sounds like its getting complicated. As for the collision, you would just have to have a whole bunch of rules unfortunately :[
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I need to get this to work efficiently this is looking harder and harder every second. I could use any help with optimization. I almost have some gravity working. It is just a little to fast right now. Any way for me to slow it down a little. It is at 1 pixel per frame per frame at 25 frames per second.
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I would recommend an acceleration under 1 pxl/f/f. Also, If this is one of your first delve into physics, I would recommend not mixing physics until you are extremely well versed in them. Mixing sprites and cellular automata is difficult even for some of the most advanced users. Maybe stick with one or the other while you get more knowledgeable in physics? While my tutorials might be good, no amount of tutorials in the world are supplement for practice.
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i know most of the physics of this I just don't know the coding of it
here is my code I have commented out some of the sections I am currently working on. Again I still would appreciate all input on optimization and improvements for my code. My main problem right now is gravity is too fast. after I finish this next I will start on adding collision detection.
#import modules
import pygame, math, random, os
from pygame.locals import *
#Check to see if pygame is working right
if not pygame.font:
print 'Warning, fonts disabled'
if not pygame.mixer:
print 'Warning, sound disabled'
#define any needed global variables here
#Create a function to load images for sprites.
def load_image(name, colorkey=None):
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
image = pygame.image.load(fullname)
#If an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load image:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
image = image.convert()
if colorkey is not None:
if colorkey is -1:
colorkey = image.get_at((0,0))
image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL)
return image, image.get_rect()
#create a function to load sound
def load_sound(name):
class NoneSound:
def play(self): pass
if not pygame.mixer or not pygame.mixer.get_init():
return NoneSound()
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(fullname)
#if an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load sound:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
return sound
#classes for our game objects
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('sprite.bmp', -1)
self.direction=0
self.downforce=0
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
self.gravity()
if self.direction == 0:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
self.rect = newpos
elif self.direction == 1:
self.downforce-=2
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
self.rect = newpos
self.downforce+=2
elif self.direction == 2:
self.downforce+=2
newpos = self.rect.move((0,self.downforce))
self.rect = newpos
self.downforce-=2
elif self.direction == 3:
newpos = self.rect.move((-2, self.downforce))
self.rect = newpos
elif self.direction == 4:
newpos = self.rect.move((2, self.downforce))
self.rect = newpos
## elif self.direction == 5:
## newpos = self.rect.move((-2, -2))
## self.rect = newpos
## elif self.direction == 6:
## newpos = self.rect.move((2, -2))
## self.rect = newpos
## elif self.direction == 7:
## newpos = self.rect.move((-2, 2))
## self.rect = newpos
## elif self.direction == 8:
## newpos = self.rect.move((2, 2))
## self.rect = newpos
def gravity(self):
#need a collision detector here
self.downforce+=1
def up(self):
self.direction=1
def down(self):
self.direction=2
def left(self):
self.direction=3
def right(self):
self.direction=4
def still(self):
self.direction=0
## def upleft(self):
## self.direction=5
##
## def upright(self):
## self.direction=6
##
## def downleft(self):
## self.direction=7
##
## def downright(self):
## self.direction=8
#function to load the game engine
def game_engine():
#nothing done here yet
return
#function for playing the game
def play_game():
#load the game engine
game_engine()
#start the game
#Initialize Everything
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((975, 325))
pygame.display.set_caption('Physics!')
pygame.mouse.set_visible(1)
turn = 0
win = False
lose = False
achievements = 0
#Create The Backgound
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((250, 250, 250))
#Display The Background
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
#Prepare Game Objects
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
player = Player()
allsprites = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain((player))
#Main Loop
while 1:
clock.tick(25)
#Handle Input Events
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
return
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE:
return
## elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_LEFT:
## player.upleft()
## elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_RIGHT:
## player.upright()
## elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_DOWN and event.key == K_LEFT:
## player.downleft()
## elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_DOWN and event.key == K_RIGHT:
## player.downright()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP:
player.up()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_DOWN:
player.down()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.left()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.right()
else:
player.still()
allsprites.update()
#Draw Everything
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
allsprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
def main():
#define needed local variables here
#start game
play_game()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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Change the gravity to under 1p/f/f. Even on the calculator that's too fast, and computers run even faster. Use 1 over some very large number to slow it down.
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I didn't think you could work with partial pixels
EDIT: I tried doing 1/25 instead of 1 and it didn't work
EDIT 2: I fixed it I had put it as 1/25 when it needed to be 1/25.0 It is working now at a much more manageable speed
EDIT3:I also made it so that the sprite stops falling when it hits the bottom. Now I need to start on scenery and collision detection.
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Awesome :) Keep us posted ^^
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I now have platforms randomly falling from the sky with a slightly slower gravity(assuming a large air resistance)1/12.5fp/s/s. I have them generate randomly in the sky at a random spot and fall. I have also made the jumping for the player slightly more realistic. You can't jump while you are in the air. The gravity for the player is 1/15fp/s/s. I will post my code in just a little bit.
EDIT: I have a question do you guys think I should make it impossible to change the direction of a jump once your in the air? I have tried to implement this and failed so I'll keep trying if you guys find it a good idea I'll quit if not. Here is my code:
#import modules
import pygame, math, random, os
from pygame.locals import *
#Check to see if pygame is working right
if not pygame.font:
print 'Warning, fonts disabled'
if not pygame.mixer:
print 'Warning, sound disabled'
#define any needed global variables here
#Create a function to load images for sprites.
def load_image(name, colorkey=None):
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
image = pygame.image.load(fullname)
#If an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load image:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
image = image.convert()
if colorkey is not None:
if colorkey is -1:
colorkey = image.get_at((0,0))
image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL)
return image, image.get_rect()
#create a function to load sound
def load_sound(name):
class NoneSound:
def play(self): pass
if not pygame.mixer or not pygame.mixer.get_init():
return NoneSound()
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(fullname)
#if an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load sound:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
return sound
class Platform(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('platform.bmp')
# self.area=screen.get_rect()
self.downforce=0
self.dead=1
self.rect.topleft
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
if self.dead==0:
self.gravity()
newpos=self.rect.move((0,self.downforce))
self.rect=newpos
def gravity(self):
if self.rect.bottom>615:
self.downforce=0
self.dead=1
else:
self.downforce+=1/12.5
def alive(self):
self.dead=0
self.initial=random.randint(0,750)
self.rect.topleft=self.initial, 1
#classes for our game objects
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('sprite.bmp')
self.rect.topleft=1, 558
self.direction=0
self.downforce=0
self.jump=0
self.change=0
# self.area=screen.get_rect()
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
self.gravity()
if self.direction == 0:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 1:
if self.jump==0 or self.rect.bottom>=599:
self.jump=1
self.downforce-=3.5
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 3:
newpos = self.rect.move((-4, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 4:
newpos = self.rect.move((4, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 5:
newpos = self.rect.move((-2, -2))
elif self.direction == 6:
newpos = self.rect.move((2, -2))
self.rect = newpos
def gravity(self):
#need a collision detector here
if self.rect.bottom>=599:
self.downforce=0
self.jump=0
self.change=0
self.rect.bottom=599
else:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def up(self):
if self.jump==0:
self.direction=1
def left(self):
self.direction=3
def right(self):
self.direction=4
def still(self):
self.direction=0
def upleft(self):
self.direction=5
def upright(self):
self.direction=6
#function to load the game engine
def game_engine():
#nothing done here yet
return
#function for playing the game
def play_game():
#load the game engine
game_engine()
#start the game
#Initialize Everything
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((900, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption('Physics!')
pygame.mouse.set_visible(1)
turn = 0
win = False
lose = False
achievements = 0
#Create The Backgound
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((250, 250, 250))
#Display The Background
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
#Prepare Game Objects
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
player = Player()
platforma = Platform()
platformb = Platform()
platformc = Platform()
platformd = Platform()
platforme = Platform()
allsprites = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain((player, platforma, platformb, platformc, platformd, platforme))
#Main Loop
while 1:
clock.tick(25)
#Generate Events
rand=random.randint(1,250)
if rand==20 and platforma.dead==1:
platforma.alive()
if rand==10 and platformb.dead==1:
platformb.alive()
if rand==30 and platformc.dead==1:
platformc.alive()
if rand==40 and platformd.dead==1:
platformd.alive()
if rand==75 and platforme.dead==1:
platforme.alive()
#Handle Input Events
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
return
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
return
if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.upleft()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.upright()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP:
player.up()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.left()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.right()
else:
player.still()
allsprites.update()
#Draw Everything
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
allsprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
def main():
#define needed local variables here
#start game
play_game()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()Again I still need ideas for improvements and optimizations. thank you for any help you might give.
EDIT 2: I redid the description above to add more detail and bring it to where I currently am
-
For cellular automata... some searching can be done for pixels. Or maybe.... you could create arrays with locations WITH the water! ;)
(It is weird, and that's the only idea I could come up with.)
Code sample:
# Python "water" pixel (cellular automata) code sample
pixwaterarray = []
pixwaterarray.append([123,456], [111, 222], [333, 444]) # This should be populated with values that are isolated to a certain area to begin.
for arr in pixwaterarray:
yloc = arr[1]
# Lookup if there are pixels below it...
nobelow = 1
for arr2 in pixwaterarray:
if arr2[1] > yloc:
nobelow = 0
if nobelow = 1:
pixwaterarray.remove(arr)
pixwaterarray.append([arr[0], yloc + 1])
# Then you can loop through the array again and then replot the pixels! :)
EDIT: I realized you code and post faster than me! :P You should make sure to do checks with files, such as the sprites. Also, if possible, include the sprite in question as an attachment! :)
-
Right now what I need is a good collision detection function. I can't do much without that.
-
Right now what I need is a good collision detection function. I can't do much without that.
Not good at that, sorry. :( I haven't really done much other than play around with effects and pixel modding.
http://www.switchonthecode.com/tutorials/collision-detection-with-pygame seems to be a decent tutorial on collision detection.
Also, from the official Pygame "newbie" guide:
9. Rects are your friends.
Pete Shinners' wrapper may have cool alpha effects and fast blitting speeds, but I have to admit my favorite part of pygame is the lowly Rect class. A rect is simply a rectangle - defined only by the position of its top left corner, its width, and its height. Many pygame functions take rects as arguments, and they also take 'rectstyles', a sequence that has the same values as a rect. So if I need a rectangle that defines the area between 10, 20 and 40, 50, I can do any of the following:
rect = pygame.Rect(10, 20, 30, 30)
rect = pygame.Rect((10, 20, 30, 30))
rect = pygame.Rect((10, 20), (30, 30))
rect = (10, 20, 30, 30)
rect = ((10, 20, 30, 30))
If you use any of the first three versions, however, you get access to Rect's utility functions. These include functions to move, shrink and inflate rects, find the union of two rects, and a variety of collision-detection functions.
For example, suppose I'd like to get a list of all the sprites that contain a point (x, y) - maybe the player clicked there, or maybe that's the current location of a bullet. It's simple if each sprite has a .rect member - I just do:
sprites_clicked = [sprite for sprite in all_my_sprites_list if sprite.rect.collidepoint(x, y)]
Rects have no other relation to surfaces or graphics functions, other than the fact that you can use them as arguments. You can also use them in places that have nothing to do with graphics, but still need to be defined as rectangles. Every project I discover a few new places to use rects where I never thought I'd need them.
10. Other collision detection methods
So you've got your sprites moving around, and you need to know whether or not they're bumping into one another. It's tempting to write something like the following:
Check to see if the rects are in collision. If they aren't, ignore them.
For each pixel in the overlapping area, see if the corresponding pixels from both sprites are opaque. If so, there's a collision.
There are other ways to do this, with ANDing sprite masks and so on, but any way you do it in pygame, it's probably going to be too slow. For most games, it's probably better just to do 'sub-rect collision' - create a rect for each sprite that's a little smaller than the actual image, and use that for collisions instead. It will be much faster, and in most cases the player won't notice the inprecision.
Hope this helps! :D
-
I think I have collision detection working now. Does anyone know how to realistically simulate projectiles launched at an angle? I need that for the next part of my game. I will post my collision code later. I have redone some other parts for efficiency/ease to read/access
-
Keep track of the projectiles x and y position as well as the x and y velocity. increment position by velocity every frame, and increase y by gravity every frame (I think you know this already :P) When it's fired, the initial x and y velocities should be (finalvelocity)*cos(angle) and (finalvelocity)*sin(angle) respectively
-
I need a way To realistically simulate projectile movement will that work for a frame by frame movement and if so how? Sorry if I seem stupid this is my first work with projectiles.(I really have done no real big games I just developed a few small ones)
-
I don't know python so I can only kinda explain the process...anyway, what you need first is the angle, and the speed that you want it fired. So let's say we want an angle of 30 degrees at a speed of, say, 5. (I will use BASIC/Axe style syntax here)
So, to initialize the speed of the projectile (in variables I'll call xvel and yvel) we will do 5cos30->xvel and 5sin30->yvel.
Now, every frame we will change the position of the projectile by the speed of it (makes sense, right? if we are traveling at 5 units per frame the next frame we will have moved by 5). So xpos+xvel->xpos, and ypos+yvel->ypos
But the projectile is affected by gravity, right? So whatever our gravity is (let's pretend it's an acceleration of 1 unit per frame) we will need to change the y speed by that value. So yvel-1->yvel
Now do this every frame and you can use xpos and ypos as the location of where to draw the projectile :) Hope this helps
Think of the projectile as something that is affected by gravity, but also moves horizontally.
-
How would you calculate the changing angle as it moved through the air. This is my main problem i get the rest of it though
(even though it was in a different language :'( )
-
That's the beauty; you don't have to. Keeping track of the velocities by themselves like that is all you have to do :)
-
That definitely helps time for me to start writing. I should have the next part done by the end of tomorrow yet another day with no school. I have so much free time approximately 16 hours a day(I have to sleep)
-
Glad you understand it. Just make sure to initialize the x and y speeds correctly ;)
-
Right now I'm experimenting with different values for them and the starting angle
-
Wouldn't the angle fired be decided by the arctangent of yvel/xvel. And won't this just make it go up forever and never turn around. At least this is whats happening with my code
EDIT: Sorry for the double post. and it also only does that when I don't count gravity. Is this not counting air resistance because that is fine for now I guess my post was completely unwarranted and pointless. sorry
EDIT2: Now I have a point to this why would this error po up when I try to display text using pygame
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python26\physics.py", line 293, in <module>
main()
File "C:\Python26\physics.py", line 260, in main
play_game()
File "C:\Python26\physics.py", line 212, in play_game
for event in pygame.event.get():
error: video system not initialized
EDIT 3: Heres my code so you can check it I'm still working on Projectile so you can temporarily ignore it it does nothing currently
#import modules
import pygame, math, random, os
from pygame.locals import *
#Check to see if pygame is working right
#check font
if not pygame.font:
print 'Warning, fonts disabled'
#check sound
if not pygame.mixer:
print 'Warning, sound disabled'
#Create a function to load images for sprites.
def load_image(name, colorkey=None):
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
image = pygame.image.load(fullname)
#If an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load image:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
image = image.convert()
if colorkey is not None:
if colorkey is -1:
colorkey = image.get_at((0,0))
image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL)
return image, image.get_rect()
#create a function to load sound
def load_sound(name):
class NoneSound:
def play(self): pass
if not pygame.mixer or not pygame.mixer.get_init():
return NoneSound()
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(fullname)
#if an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load sound:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
return sound
class Projectile(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('projectile.bmp')
#define class variables
self.area=screen.get_rect()
self.downforce=0
self.launch=0
self.xvel=3.3282
self.yvel=6.6564
def update(self):
#if shot and still on screen
if self.launch==1:
#apply gravity
self.gravity()
#move sprite to new loocation
newpos=self.rect.move((xvel,self.downforce-yvel))
self.rect=newpos
#if not being shot make sure its off the screen
else:
self.rect.topleft= 1, self.area.bottom+15
#start it being shot
def shoot(self):
#set it as being shot
self.launch=1
#start by the player
self.rect.topleft=player.rect.right+8, player.rect.top
#start with no gravity applied
self.downforce=0
def gravity(self):
#if off of screen
if self.rect.bottom>self.area.bottom+15:
#no force from gravity
self.downforce=0
#not being shot anymore
self.launch=0
#if on screen increase gravities velocity downwards
else:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def turn(self):
center = self.rect.center
rotation = 5#yet to be determined official value
rotate = pygame.transform.rotate
self.image = rotate(self.original, rotation)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=center)
class Platform(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('platform.bmp')
self.area=screen.get_rect()
self.downforce=0
self.dead=1
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
if self.dead==0:
self.gravity()
newpos=self.rect.move((0,self.downforce))
self.rect=newpos
def gravity(self):
if self.rect.bottom>615:
self.downforce=0
self.dead=1
else:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def alive(self):
self.dead=0
initial=random.randint(0,750)
self.rect.topleft=initial, 1
#classes for our game objects
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('sprite.bmp')
self.rect.topleft=1, 558
self.direction=0
self.downforce=0
self.jump=0
self.change=0
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
self.gravity()
if self.direction == 0:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 1:
if self.jump==0 or self.rect.bottom>=599:
self.jump=1
self.downforce-=3.0
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 3:
if self.rect.left<=1:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
else:
newpos = self.rect.move((-4, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 4:
if self.rect.right>=899:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
else:
newpos = self.rect.move((4, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 5:
newpos = self.rect.move((-2, -2))
elif self.direction == 6:
newpos = self.rect.move((2, -2))
self.rect = newpos
def gravity(self):
#need a collision detector here
if self.rect.bottom>=599:
self.downforce=0
self.jump=0
self.change=0
self.rect.bottom=599
else:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def up(self):
if self.jump==0:
self.direction=1
def left(self):
self.direction=3
def right(self):
self.direction=4
def still(self):
self.direction=0
def upleft(self):
self.direction=5
def upright(self):
self.direction=6
def death(self):
if pygame.font:
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
text = font.render("You have lost", 1, (10, 10, 10))
textpos = text.get_rect(centerx=background.get_width()/2)
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.delay(1500)
pygame.quit()
#function to load the game engine
def game_engine():
rand=random.randint(1,250)
if rand==20 and platforma.dead==1:
platforma.alive()
if rand==10 and platformb.dead==1:
platformb.alive()
if rand==30 and platformc.dead==1:
platformc.alive()
if rand==40 and platformd.dead==1:
platformd.alive()
if rand==75 and platforme.dead==1:
platforme.alive()
done = collide_check()
return done
#function for playing the game
def play_game():
done=False
#Main Loop
while done==False :
clock.tick(25)
#run the game engine
game_engine()
#Handle Input Events
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
return
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
return
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if projectilea.launch == 0:
projectilea.shoot()
elif projectileb.launch == 0:
projectileb.shoot()
elif projectilec.launch == 0:
projectilec.shoot()
if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.upleft()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.upright()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP:
player.up()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.left()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.right()
else:
player.still()
allsprites.update()
#Draw Everything
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
allsprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
def collide_check():
if player.rect.top==1+platforma.rect.bottom:
if player.rect.left>=platforma.rect.left and player.rect.right<=platforma.rect.right:
player.death()
elif player.rect.top==1+platformb.rect.bottom:
if player.rect.left>=platformb.rect.left and player.rect.right<=platformb.rect.right:
player.death()
elif player.rect.top==1+platformc.rect.bottom:
if player.rect.left>=platformc.rect.left and player.rect.right<=platformc.rect.right:
player.death()
elif player.rect.top==1+platformd.rect.bottom:
if player.rect.left>=platformd.rect.left and player.rect.right<=platformd.rect.right:
player.death()
elif player.rect.top==1+platforme.rect.bottom:
if player.rect.left>=platforme.rect.left and player.rect.right<=platforme.rect.right:
player.death()
def main():
#define needed local variables here
#start game
play_game()
#Initialize Everything
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((900, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption('Physics!')
pygame.mouse.set_visible(1)
turn = 0
win = False
lose = False
achievements = 0
#Create The Backgound
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((250, 250, 250))
#Display The Background
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
#Prepare Game Objects
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
player = Player()
platforma = Platform()
platformb = Platform()
platformc = Platform()
platformd = Platform()
platforme = Platform()
projectilea = Projectile()
projectileb = Projectile()
projectilec = Projectile()
playersprites = (player,projectilea, projectileb, projectilec)
objectsprites = (platforma, platformb, platformc, platformd, platforme)
allsprites = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain(playersprites, objectsprites)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()Not that its relative now but I just wanted to say the cos(30) and sin(30) really don't do much It looks much the same if you just put in your own values
EDIT 4: I reset the code up there to what I currently have and here is the video please help me with problems and optimization. It is a little choppier in the video than real life.
http://s1202.photobucket.com/albums/bb364/ruler501/?action=view¤t=Test.mp4
-
I am trying to launch a projectile up using the mouse position for magnitude and direction. I am a very glitchy results. could someone please look and tell me what I've done wrong. Here is a video of the strange results http://s1202.photobucket.com/albums/bb364/ruler501/?action=view¤t=Test2.mp4
Here is the entire program I highlighted the area that should get the angle and velocity.
#import modules
import pygame, math, random, os
from pygame.locals import *
#Check to see if pygame is working right
#check font
if not pygame.font:
print 'Warning, fonts disabled'
#check sound
if not pygame.mixer:
print 'Warning, sound disabled'
#Create a function to load images for sprites.
def load_image(name, colorkey=None):
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
image = pygame.image.load(fullname)
#If an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load image:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
image = image.convert()
if colorkey is not None:
if colorkey is -1:
colorkey = image.get_at((0,0))
image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL)
return image, image.get_rect()
#create a function to load sound
def load_sound(name):
class NoneSound:
def play(self): pass
if not pygame.mixer or not pygame.mixer.get_init():
return NoneSound()
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
try:
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(fullname)
#if an error exit
except pygame.error, message:
print 'Cannot load sound:', fullname
raise SystemExit, message
return sound
class Projectile(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('projectile.bmp')
#define class variables
self.area=screen.get_rect()
self.downforce=0
self.launch=0
self.xvel=0
self.yvel=0
def update(self):
#if shot and still on screen
if self.launch==1:
#apply gravity
self.gravity()
#move sprite to new loocation
newpos=self.rect.move((self.xvel,self.downforce-self.yvel))
self.rect=newpos
#if not being shot make sure its off the screen
else:
self.rect.topleft= 1, self.area.bottom+15
[color=red] #start it being shot
def shoot(self):
#set it as being shot
self.launch=1
#start by the player
self.rect.topleft=player.rect.right+8, player.rect.top
#figure out how fast to go
magnitude=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
vel=math.floor(math.hypot(magnitude[0]-player.rect.right, magnitude[1]-player.rect.top)/25)
# print vel
angle=math.atan2(magnitude[0]-player.rect.right, player.rect.top-magnitude[1])
print math.degrees(angle)
angleb=math.atan2(player.rect.right-magnitude[0], player.rect.top-magnitude[1])
print math.degrees(angleb)
self.xvel=math.cos(angle)*vel
self.yvel=math.sin(angle)*vel
#start with no gravity applied
self.downforce=0[/color]
def gravity(self):
#if off of screen
if self.rect.bottom>self.area.bottom+15:
#no force from gravity
self.downforce=0
#not being shot anymore
self.launch=0
#if on screen increase gravities velocity downwards
elif self.launch == 1:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def turn(self):
center = self.rect.center
rotation = 5#yet to be determined official value
rotate = pygame.transform.rotate
self.image = rotate(self.original, rotation)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=center)
class Platform(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('platform.bmp')
self.area=screen.get_rect()
self.downforce=0
self.dead=1
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
if self.dead==0:
self.gravity()
newpos=self.rect.move((0,self.downforce))
self.rect=newpos
def gravity(self):
if self.rect.bottom>self.area.bottom+15:
self.downforce=0
self.dead=1
else:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def alive(self):
self.dead=0
initial=random.randint(0,750)
self.rect.topleft=initial, 1
def death(self):
self.dead=1
self.rect.topleft = 1, self.area.bottom+16
#classes for our game objects
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
#moves a clenched fist on the screen, following the mouse
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) #call Sprite initializer
self.image, self.rect = load_image('sprite.bmp')
self.rect.topleft=1, 558
self.alive=1
self.direction=0
self.downforce=0
self.jump=0
self.change=0
def update(self):
#move the player based on direction chosen
self.gravity()
if self.direction == 0:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 1:
if self.jump==0 or self.rect.bottom>=599:
self.jump=1
self.downforce-=3.0
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 3:
if self.rect.left<=1:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
else:
newpos = self.rect.move((-4, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 4:
if self.rect.right>=899:
newpos = self.rect.move((0, self.downforce))
else:
newpos = self.rect.move((4, self.downforce))
elif self.direction == 5:
newpos = self.rect.move((-2, -2))
elif self.direction == 6:
newpos = self.rect.move((2, -2))
self.rect = newpos
def gravity(self):
#need a collision detector here
if self.rect.bottom>=599:
self.downforce=0
self.jump=0
self.change=0
self.rect.bottom=599
else:
self.downforce+=1/15.0
def up(self):
if self.jump==0:
self.direction=1
def left(self):
self.direction=3
def right(self):
self.direction=4
def still(self):
self.direction=0
def upleft(self):
self.direction=5
def upright(self):
self.direction=6
def death(self):
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
text = font.render("You have died", 1, (10, 10, 10))
textpos = text.get_rect(centerx=background.get_width()/2)
background.blit(text, textpos)
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.delay(1000)
self.alive=0
pygame.quit()
#function to load the game engine
def game_engine():
rand=random.randint(1,250)
if rand==20 and platforma.dead==1:
platforma.alive()
if rand==10 and platformb.dead==1:
platformb.alive()
if rand==30 and platformc.dead==1:
platformc.alive()
if rand==40 and platformd.dead==1:
platformd.alive()
if rand==75 and platforme.dead==1:
platforme.alive()
done = collide_check()
return done
#function for playing the game
def play_game():
#Main Loop
while player.alive==1 :
clock.tick(25)
#run the game engine
game_engine()
#Handle Input Events
if player.alive==0:
break
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
return
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
return
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if projectilea.launch == 0:
projectilea.shoot()
elif projectileb.launch == 0:
projectileb.shoot()
elif projectilec.launch == 0:
projectilec.shoot()
if event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.upleft()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.upright()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_UP:
player.up()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_LEFT:
player.left()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_RIGHT:
player.right()
else:
player.still()
allsprites.update()
#Draw Everything
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
allsprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
def collide_check():
if player.rect.colliderect(platforma):
if player.rect.bottom>=platforma.rect.bottom:
player.death()
if player.rect.colliderect(platformb):
if player.rect.bottom>=platformb.rect.bottom:
player.death()
if player.rect.colliderect(platformc):
if player.rect.bottom>=platformc.rect.bottom:
player.death()
if player.rect.colliderect(platformd):
if player.rect.bottom>=platformd.rect.bottom:
player.death()
if player.rect.colliderect(platforme):
if player.rect.bottom>=platforme.rect.bottom:
player.death()
if projectilea.rect.colliderect(platforma)or \
projectileb.rect.colliderect(platforma)or \
projectilec.rect.colliderect(platforma):
platforma.death()
if projectilea.rect.colliderect(platformb)or \
projectileb.rect.colliderect(platformb)or \
projectilec.rect.colliderect(platformb):
platformb.death()
if projectilea.rect.colliderect(platformc)or \
projectileb.rect.colliderect(platformc)or \
projectilec.rect.colliderect(platformc):
platformc.death()
if projectilea.rect.colliderect(platformd)or \
projectileb.rect.colliderect(platformd)or \
projectilec.rect.colliderect(platformd):
platformd.death()
if projectilea.rect.colliderect(platformd)or \
projectileb.rect.colliderect(platformd)or \
projectilec.rect.colliderect(platformd):
platformd.death()
def main():
#define needed local variables here
#start game
play_game()
#Initialize Everything
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((900, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption('Physics!')
pygame.mouse.set_visible(1)
turn = 0
win = False
lose = False
achievements = 0
#Create The Backgound
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((250, 250, 250))
#Display The Background
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
#Prepare Game Objects
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
player = Player()
platforma = Platform()
platformb = Platform()
platformc = Platform()
platformd = Platform()
platforme = Platform()
projectilea = Projectile()
projectileb = Projectile()
projectilec = Projectile()
playersprites = (player,projectilea, projectileb, projectilec)
objectsprites = (platforma, platformb, platformc, platformd, platforme)
allsprites = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain(playersprites, objectsprites)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()