Author Topic: Catalan Number  (Read 10921 times)

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Offline Munchor

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Catalan Number
« on: January 30, 2011, 06:16:50 pm »
Hey Omnimathematicians!

Who knows what the Catalan Number is?

You can find some information here.

But in other "images", this what a catalan number is:




So, I just made a simple program in C (I had already made one in python) to calculate the catalan number of n. However, I do not know how to do the opposite :S Can anyone help me with that?

Code: [Select]

#include <stdio.h>


main() {
     // This program was coded by David
     // This program calculates Catalan Numbers and the opposite too
     printf("Choose:\n");
     printf("1: Calculate Catalan Number of given number\n");
     printf("2: Calculate original number of Catalan Number\n");
     
     int answer;
     scanf("%d",&answer);
     
     if (answer == 1)
     {
          // Returns the catalan number
          printf("Enter original number: ");
          int input;
          scanf("%d",&input);
          int catalanNumber = factorial(2*input)/(factorial(input+1)*factorial(input));
          printf("The catalan number is: %d",catalanNumber);
     }
     if (answer == 2)
     {
          // Returns the original number
          printf("Not finished for now.");
          //printf("Enter catalan number: ");
          //int catalan;
          //scanf("%d,&cataln);
     }
     
     getch();
     return 0;
}

int factorial( int n )
{
    if ( n <= 1 )
        return 1;
    else
        return  n * factorial( n-1 );
}

The .exe is executable, try it!

Offline AngelFish

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #1 on: January 30, 2011, 06:20:37 pm »
The Catalan number of 5 is 42  O.O
∂²Ψ    -(2m(V(x)-E)Ψ
---  = -------------
∂x²        ℏ²Ψ

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #2 on: January 30, 2011, 06:21:09 pm »
The Catalan number of 5 is 42  O.O

Yes it is ;D

Offline Galandros

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #3 on: January 30, 2011, 06:23:28 pm »
For doing the opposite you can go the naive or brute force way: calculate catalan numbers until it match (do not forget to handle bad inputs).
I am thinking in a better approach but the factorial is dragging me off.

Offtopic: cool so much recent interest on mathematics here. :)
Hobbing in calculator projects.

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #4 on: January 31, 2011, 08:35:15 am »
For doing the opposite you can go the naive or brute force way: calculate catalan numbers until it match (do not forget to handle bad inputs).
I am thinking in a better approach but the factorial is dragging me off.

Offtopic: cool so much recent interest on mathematics here. :)

A loop that goes through all of them would be possible, but quite slow :S

Offline Galandros

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #5 on: February 01, 2011, 04:45:38 pm »
For doing the opposite you can go the naive or brute force way: calculate catalan numbers until it match (do not forget to handle bad inputs).
I am thinking in a better approach but the factorial is dragging me off.

Offtopic: cool so much recent interest on mathematics here. :)

A loop that goes through all of them would be possible, but quite slow :S
Yes, but I can't find any function that is to factorial what logarithm is to exponential.
Factorial is also a difficult thing to compute and very easily overflows integer variables. Try 20! and see on how many bits it will fill into.

The only thing I could think of is using http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%27s_approximation solve it in order of n. Does it even will work? Maybe only with very large factorials... Still a ugly solution.
Hobbing in calculator projects.

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #6 on: February 02, 2011, 05:07:38 pm »
Code: [Select]
#include <stdio.h>


main() {
     // This program was coded by David
     // This program calculates Catalan Numbers and the opposite too
     printf("Choose:\n");
     printf("1: Calculate Catalan Number of given number\n");
     printf("2: Calculate original number of Catalan Number\n");
     
     int answer;
     scanf("%d",&answer);
     
     if (answer == 1)
     {
          // Returns the catalan number
          printf("Enter original number: ");
          int input;
          scanf("%d",&input);
          int catalanNumber = factorial(2*input)/(factorial(input+1)*factorial(input));
          printf("The catalan number is: %d",catalanNumber);
     }
     if (answer == 2)
     {
          // Returns the original number
          printf("Enter catalan number: ");
          int catalan;
          scanf("%d",&catalan);
          int i;
          for(i = 0; i <= catalan; i++)
          {
              if ((factorial(2*i)/(factorial(i+1)*factorial(i))) == catalan)
              {
                 printf("The original number is: %d",i);
                 break;
              }
          }
     }
     
     getch();
     return 0;
}

int factorial( int n )
{
    if ( n <= 1 )
        return 1;
    else
        return  n * factorial( n-1 );
}

Done. Now it does the opposite, it goes through a loop. It's actually quite fast compared to what I thought it would be. Afterall, C is really fast language ;D

Any ideas?

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #7 on: February 20, 2011, 02:13:10 am »
By the way, converted to C++ for fun:

Code: [Select]
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;

int factorial(int n);
int main() {
// Coded by David
printf("Choose:\n");
    printf("1: Calculate Catalan Number of given number\n");
    printf("2: Calculate original number of Catalan Number\n");
     
    int answer;
    scanf("%d",&answer);
if (answer==1)
{
printf("Enter input number: ");
int input;
scanf("%d",&input);
int catalanNumber = factorial(2*input)/(factorial(input+1)*factorial(input));
        printf("The catalan number is: %d",catalanNumber);
getchar();
}
if (answer==2)
{
printf("Enter output number: ");
int input;
scanf("%d",&input);
int i;
for (i=0;i<=input;i++)
{
if ((factorial(2*i)/(factorial(i+1)*factorial(i))) == input)
              {
                 printf("The original number is: %d",i);
getchar();
                 break;
              }
}
}
getchar();
return 0;
}

int factorial(int n) {
if ( n <= 1 )
        return 1;
    else
        return  n * factorial( n-1 );
}

I did use C libraries, though.

EDIT:

Only C++ Libraries now:

Code: [Select]
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int factorial(int n);
int main() {
// Coded by David
cout << "Choose:\n";
    cout << "1: Calculate Catalan Number of given number\n";
    cout << "2: Calculate original number of Catalan Number\n";
     
    int answer;
    cin >> answer;
if (answer==1)
{
cout << "Enter input number: ";
int input;
cin >> input;
int catalanNumber = factorial(2*input)/(factorial(input+1)*factorial(input));
        cout << "The catalan number is: " << catalanNumber;
getchar();
}
if (answer==2)
{
cout << "Enter output number: ";
int input;
cin >> input;
int i;
for (i=0;i<=input;i++)
{
if ((factorial(2*i)/(factorial(i+1)*factorial(i))) == input)
              {
                 cout << "The original number is: "<< i;
getchar();
                 break;
              }
}
}
getchar();
return 0;
}

int factorial(int n) {
if ( n <= 1 )
        return 1;
    else
        return  n * factorial( n-1 );
}
« Last Edit: February 20, 2011, 02:16:53 am by Scout »

Offline jnesselr

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #8 on: February 20, 2011, 06:04:15 pm »
ooh, recursive functions are always fun.  I always like adding a answer == 42 type thing. ;-)  Anyway, does this handle negatives correctly?

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #9 on: February 21, 2011, 07:40:00 am »
ooh, recursive functions are always fun.  I always like adding a answer == 42 type thing. ;-)  Anyway, does this handle negatives correctly?

Recursive functions are sweet!

Code: [Select]
def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)

The fibonacci function was the first one I learnt ;D

Not sure if it handles negatives right, though, I have to test it yet.

Offline jnesselr

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #10 on: February 21, 2011, 07:43:32 am »
ooh, recursive functions are always fun.  I always like adding a answer == 42 type thing. ;-)  Anyway, does this handle negatives correctly?

Recursive functions are sweet!

Code: [Select]
def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)

The fibonacci function was the first one I learnt ;D

Not sure if it handles negatives right, though, I have to test it yet.
From that code, it won't because you don't have constants for negatives, so it will recursively go until you run out of memory.  I would just do a if n<=0 return 0, or a if n<0 n=-n

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #11 on: February 21, 2011, 07:44:24 am »
No graphmastur, the negative numbers is about the catalan program, not the fibonacci.

Offline jnesselr

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #12 on: February 21, 2011, 07:47:39 am »
No graphmastur, the negative numbers is about the catalan program, not the fibonacci.
Ah, okay, my bad.  I just figured they might try and pass a negative number and I would hate for the routine to be unable to handle it.
« Last Edit: February 21, 2011, 07:48:03 am by graphmastur »

Offline Munchor

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #13 on: February 21, 2011, 07:49:10 am »
No graphmastur, the negative numbers is about the catalan program, not the fibonacci.
Ah, okay, my bad.  I just figured they might try and pass a negative number and I would hate for the routine to be unable to handle it.

Nobody who knows what the fibonacci sequence is would input negative numbers. In fact, any sequence, a sequence can't have it's -1th member xD

Offline jnesselr

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Re: Catalan Number
« Reply #14 on: February 21, 2011, 07:52:24 am »
No graphmastur, the negative numbers is about the catalan program, not the fibonacci.
Ah, okay, my bad.  I just figured they might try and pass a negative number and I would hate for the routine to be unable to handle it.

Nobody who knows what the fibonacci sequence is would input negative numbers. In fact, any sequence, a sequence can't have it's -1th member xD
True, but I like bounding stuff like that anyway.  It's a strange quirk I have to check a bunch of stuff to be null or not, or check if it's outside bounds even though it probably never will be.