I haven't done any C++ game programming in a while, but when I did, I mostly used
SDL for graphics and stuff. It is meant for 2-D graphics, but it works well with OpenGL if you want 3-D graphics later on.
There are also some libraries that work with SDL to extend its features, such as
SDL_mixer to extend its audio capabilities,
SDL_image for loading more types of images, and a few others
here (mainly the ones prefixed with "SDL_").
I remember using mostly
this and some other page/document that I forgot (it may have been something bundled with the SDL download) to help me learn how to use SDL. You can visit
here,
here, and
here for more tutorials and documentation.
I'm also pretty sure that both OpenGL and SDL work with C and C++.
EDIT: And also,
this gives a decent introduction on using SDL.
Lastly, I recommend checking out Code::Blocks to use for your IDE. It has built-in templates to help you use libraries like SDL. You should probably use the latest nightly build
here, as the official release hasn't been updated in over a year, I think. Be sure to read
How to use a nightly build first.